Archive for the ‘Languages’ Category

What kind of tortoise shell lyre did Hermes make?

January 21, 2024

An interesting class on the Homeric Hymn to Hermes in the programme of the H M Classics Academy led to a discussion of what the lyre that Hermes made from a tortoise may have been like. I personally was far from sure what a lyre was and whether it was the same kind of thing as a lute…

I think that this video may be the most relevant from the Michael Levy collection – he has many lyre-related videos, but this one seems most directly to respond to

The image in the corner leads to this sensible-looking Wikipedia article, which distinguishes it from the kithara. Both of these are types of lyre (there are many others).

There is a freely-available article on academia.edu here (you may need to create an account) here on acoustic analysis of a reconstructed chelys which begins with an informative discussion of the reconstruction. And there is a lot of other material in the Internet that is either marked by imagination rather than scholarship or not freely accessible. But there is a pirated version of M L West’s Ancient Greek Music (1992) here and you can search through it for ‘tortoise’, ‘Hermes’, ‘gut’ and so on.

At last, a speaking club!

December 22, 2023

So after having first offered my services on 29 May, I finally got to run an online ‘Speaking Cub’ with students from Kharkiv (Ukraine) on 21 December. There were six student participants – at about B1 level – and they were well pleased with the opportunity to talk to a native speaker in a session that lasted about 60 minutes.

Helping students in Kharkiv

November 26, 2023

The Oxford Kharkiv Association newsletter of 23 October had this request for native English speakers (possibly having some connection with Oxford) to conduct online sessions with students from Kharkiv.

Buying Russian books, not from Russia

November 19, 2023

If you want to buy a Russian book without directly supporting the Russian economy you can just put “[ISBN]” -site:.ru  into Google and that will give you Internet pages outside the .ru domain where that ISBN occurs.

So in the case of the book illustrated “978-5-02-026520-2” -site:.ru. It’s also worthwhile trying differing formatting of the ISBN, like “978-5-02-026520-2”, “978-5020265202”, “9785020265202”.

Hope this helps!

Summary of ‘Psalom’ by Fridrikh Gorenshtein

November 18, 2023

The novel consists of five parts – each one describes one of the plagues of the Lord that fell on the earth, as predicted by the prophet Ezekiel.

Part 1

Part one, “The Parable of the Lost Brother,” tells the story of famine, the second plague. The setting is famine-stricken Ukraine during collectivization in 1933. In a rural teahouse, Maria, a beggar girl, tries to beg something for Christ’s sake [~alms for the love of Allah] , but no one gives her anything, except for a Jewish boy who shares with her the unclean bread of exile [Ezekiel 4:12-13]. The villagers are outraged by the stranger’s action and the girl’s bread is taken away. The boy who gave his bread is Dan, the Asp, the Antichrist, brother of Christ the Messiah. Through the revelations of the prophets, he is in communication with the Lord, who has sent him to earth, to Russia, since this people belied the Lord, abandoned Him – and so replaced the wooden yoke with an iron one.

Then Maria and her younger brother Vasya return to their starving village. The mother decides to break the family up – to leave some of the children to strangers and to simply abandon the others; she herself leaves to work in another town. Before leaving, she takes Maria and Vasya to the city. The stranger again gives the hungry children bread, but their mother throws it away since it is alien and un-Orthodox. Later, in the city, the children will once again ask the Antichrist for alms, but this time they will be stopped by a policeman, since begging is prohibited.

Abandoned by their mother, the children end up in foster care. They are given a guide so that with his help they can return home. On the way, the guide rapes Maria and runs away. The children are put in the orphanage again. At night, a watchman tells them a story about “God’s child,” “Jesus Christ,” who was tortured by the Jews. Maria is taken somewhere out of town. She runs away. Finding herself alone in a snowy field, she wanders through it, crying with God’s cry, and her heart is filled with light. Maria then finds her older sister Ksenia and lives with her for about a year. One day she becomes an accidental witness to family problems (her sister cheats on her husband with her lover), and she is sent back to the village. No one is happy to see her there either; crying from injustice, Maria again wanders through the field; there she meets Dan, the Antichrist. When asked about the reason for her tears, the girl replies: “Because the Yids killed the Son of God and he is now in heaven, and Vasya, my brother, is on earth, in the city of Izyum.”

Thus the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled: “I was revealed to those who did not ask about Me; those who did not seek Me found Me.” [Isaiah 65:1]

Maria goes to Kerch, to her mother. After some time, the mother dies, Maria becomes a dockside prostitute. One day, hungry, she encounters Dan again, who gives her more of the unclean bread. Maria repays him with her body. The Antichrist goes further: for belying the Lord this land and people are destined for a second punishment – the sword. Maria, convicted of prostitution and vagrancy, gives birth in prison to a son, Vasya, by Dan. In 1936 she dies.

Part 2

The second part begins with a discussion about imitation of the Lord – instinctively or through reason. The author defends the idea that Jews are a people no better or worse than others; but they are marked out by their prophets who knew how to listen to the Lord.

The “Parable of the Torment of the Wicked” tells the story of Annushka. She lives in Rzhev with her mother and two brothers; one of the brothers perishes through her fault. One day, thieves steal from the room occupied by Annushka’s family and during the investigation she identifies an innocent man, who is sent to prison. The mother is given a new apartment.

One day Dan, the Antichrist, visits Annushka. Looking at the walls (Annushka lives in a former church building and the face of Christ appears on the wall from behind the wallpaper), he reflects on the fact that the Church Fathers replaced Christ with an idol, an emaciated Alexandrian monk [that is, Jesus was a corporeal male Jew and the Christians made him something different]; now, in the spring of 1941, this monk, in turn, has been replaced by the “Assyrian bathhouse attendant” – Stalin. Over the Rzhev barracks, the Antichrist has a vision of a sword – the words of the Lord come true: “Woe to the city of blood, and I will build a great fire.” [Ezekiel 24:9].

The war begins. Annushka’s mother is killed and she herself ends up in an orphanage. Annushka, who learned to have dealings with the Germans during the occupation, has come to hate the Jews. Shulamith, another girl in the orphanage, annoys her. Envious that during the evacuation the Jewish girl had a good foster mother, Annushka informs the Germans that Shulamith is non-Russian. They kill her and Annushka is sent to Germany to work.

Before her departure, Dan comes to the train and asks her to read aloud the text that he hands her once she gets to Germany. The Antichrist must curse the Germans, just as the Lord once cursed Babylon through Jeremiah. The prophet himself cannot enter unholy land.

One of the women taken into slavery along with Annushka asks Dan to take her child, Pelageya. The Germans try to kill Dan as being a Jew, but it is impossible to kill the Antichrist.

Annushka fulfils Dan’s instructions – the wicked Germany that hates God and His beloved people is cursed. Annushka herself soon dies of a fever.

Part 3

The action of “The Parable of Adultery”, which describes lust, the third plague, takes place in 1948. The Koposov family – Andrei, an ex-serviceman, his wife Vera and two daughters, Tasya and Ustya – live in the city of Bor on the Volga. A strange Jewish family lives nearby – Dan Yakovlevich and his daughter Rufina, who doesn’t look Jewish at all.

[She is Pelageya and she isn’t Jewish.]

Vera Koposova, whose relationship with her husband is very complicated (he believes that his wife cheated on him during the war), having met Dan, falls in love with him. (К) Realizing that she cannot directly seduce a Jew, she uses her daughter Tasya instead. Tasya also falls in love with Dan, and they begin meeting regularly. The father finds out about these meetings. Together with the informer Pavlov, he tries to kill the Antichrist, but this turns out to be impossible.

Vera tells Dan she will intercede if he sleeps with her. The Antichrist, who loves the daughter, is forced to commit adultery with her mother. Rufina has accidentally witnessed their meeting, while Tasya sees everything and tells her father about her mother’s sin. He first tries to kill his wife, then on the same day he dies of grief. Rufina, meanwhile, runs off into the woods; there she is almost raped by the lustful anti-Semite Pavlov; but she is saved by the appearance of of two bears [?2 Kings 23-25]. After her experience, Rufina realizes that she is a prophetess and makes peace with her father, who has been cleansed of his sin by a curse.

Part 4


Part four, the basis of which is “The Parable of the Sickness of the Spirit,” describes the persecution of the Jews [in the Soviet Union] in the early 1950s. The parable is preceded by an introduction – the author’s reflection on Russian anti-Semitism. For this spiritual illness, God sends the fourth plague – disease, pestilence.

Two children, Nina and Misha, from Vitebsk, come to Moscow to live with the the Ivolgin family, consisting of a Jewish art critic, his Russian wife Claudia and their son Savely. The children are Claudia’s nephews; their parents have been arrested on charges of Belarusian nationalism. But the Ivolgins, people who are afraid of everything, who hide their Jewishness in every possible way, refuse to shelter these children. The Ivolgin family is silently watched by two of their neighbors in their shared apartment – Jewish janitor Dan Yakovlevich and his daughter. At this time, mass denunciations of cosmopolitan Jews are taking place in the country [Jew ~ rootless cosmopolitan ~ traitor]. The cowardly Ivolgin, who is trying to protect himself from arrest by participating in the persecution of his own people, is soon also arrested. During the his first interrogation, the investigator kills him.

After 1953, the widowed Claudia has a new admirer – old Ilovaisky, a moderate anti-Semite. He has long discussions with Dan about Russian Christianity. As an example, an old man breaks a cup: intact, it is simple; broken, it becomes complex. Dan, the Antichrist, feels that it is impossible to overcome Ilovaisky in argument- Christianity has become too distorted in Greek and medieval interpretations. The word about which Ilovaisk and St John’s Gospel of John speak in fact only cheapens the meaning.

Part 5

The preface to the fifth part – “The Parable of the Broken Cup” – contains the author’s ideas about the relationship between Judaism and Christianity.

The protagonists of the fifth part are the children of the Antichrist by different mothers: Andrei Koposov, Vera’s son; Vasily Korobkov, Mary’s son; and Pelageya-Rufina, the prophetess, Dan’s adopted daughter. Vasily and Andrei together with Savely Ivolgin are studying at the Literary Institute. Andrei himself comes to the Bible, and realizes that its meaning is opposite to what Christians think. One day, the young people meet at a fashionable exhibition in the Tretyakov Gallery; Pelageya recognises that the militant anti-Semite Vasily is her father’s son. He, cursing the Jews, creates a scandal. Convinced of his resemblance to his father, a Jew, Vasily hangs himself.

His mother, Vera Koposova, comes to see Andrei. She tells him that he is Dan’s son. Andrei, the “good seed,” meets his father; the assembled family quietly celebrates a Jewish religious holiday.

Half-mad from unslaked lust, Savely creates two “philosophical homunculi” in an alchemical flask. In conversations with them, he learns the answers to the most important questions – about the paths to God, about truth, good and evil, about the rational justification for faith in God. He finally descends into madness, and he is taken to a mental hospital.

Pelageya, who is a virgin, feels that the time has come to become a woman. Following the example of the daughters of Lot, she seduces her father, the Antichrist. He, feeling that the plan of the Lord is being accomplished, rapes her while drunk. So the prophetess Pelageya conceives a son by the Antichrist. Dan, who has done all that was destined for him on earth, dies. Before his death, he gives instructions to his son Andrei, who makes his way to God in the most difficult way – through reason and doubt.

The son of Pelageya and the Antichrist, also called Dan, listens to his mother reading from Deuteroisaiah, which contain ideas also expressed by Christ, but a long time before Him.

Andrei, Pelageya and her son Dan, together with Savely who has now recovered, go out of town, into the forest. Looking at the harsh winter landscape, they comprehend the essence of the antagonism of Christ and Antichrist: the first is the protector of sinners and persecutors, the second protects the victims of the persecuted [those to whom evil is done/do evil in return].

The requital for persecution is approaching; this fifth and most terrible plague is thirst for the word of the Lord, from which even Christ cannot save mankind.

A few pedantic words about ‘Monsieur Ka’

September 30, 2023

Monsieur Ka by Vesna Goldsworthy presents some problems if you know about Russian literature. The idea is that Alexei Karenin was a real person and in fact called Hartung; and as such supplied with many typically German character defects. Then his descendants move to London.

In fact, nobody has ever suggested that Alexei Karenin was based on a real person. He’s just a senior civil servant, and we know about them. Anna Karenina on the other hand is thought to have a variety of prototypes. In particular, many think that her appearance and manner (not character or fate) were taken from Mariya Hartung (nee Pushkina).

She was the daughter of Alexander Pushkin, Russia’s national poet killed in an untimely duel. After which the Russians began to feel very guilty so that even sitting next to one of his children at the opera became a mark of distinction. And so to a Russian the Karenin/Hartung family would radiate divinity rather than Germanic awfulness.

More widely, a lot of what is interesting in Goldsworthy’s presentation of the alienation experienced by European exiles in London comes not from her but from A Novel of London by Milos Crnjanski. To be fair, she acknowledges this. Now A Novel of London is a very good book indeed, if not exactly short.

Returning to Monsieur Ka, a friend writes: I’m afraid I’m not as critical as you and enjoyed the film references (e.g. Vivien Leigh, Cecil Beaton).  And I certainly admit to complete ignorance regarding film references, especially of that era.

Possible publishers for modern Russian literary fiction in English translation

September 26, 2023

See here for a version with updates/further analysis.

PublisherCommentsSubmissions
Academic Studies PressFazil Iskander, Yuri Tynianov, Dmitry Stonov, Andrei Egunov-Nikolev, Nina SadurAppear to be open to suggestions – there is a book suggestion form.
Alma Books LtdAlexander Afanasyev, Leonid Andreyev, […], Naina Yeltsina, Yevgeny Zamyatin. Plenty of Russians, not all from the museum.Unfortunately we are no longer able to accept unsolicited submissions.
And Other StoriesOleg Pavlov, Oleg Zaionchkovsky. Not what I recommended 12 years ago.STOP ON UNAGENTED SUBMISSIONS EXCEPT FROM TRANSLATORS Agented submissions can be sent to our editors as per usual.
Chicago Review PressStruggle to make sense of websiteNote: We are no longer accepting new fiction proposals.
Columbia UPRather a lot in the Central and Eastern European Fiction and Literature. Published Gorenshtein’s Redemption with grant from Translation Institute in Moscow.We do not publish original fiction or poetry, other than translations from Russian and Asian languages. If you would like to submit a book to Columbia University Press, please send a proposal containing a brief description of the content and focus of the book […].
Dalkey Archive PressSeem to publish a reasonable amount of modern Russian literary fiction in translation.If you would like to submit a manuscript, please familiarize yourself with our list and the types of books we publish in order to determine whether yours would be appropriate. […]In general, we respond within one year of receiving a submission.
DedalusSeem to publish a reasonable amount of modern Russian literary fiction in translation.Dedalus will consider submissions sent either by agents or authors directly. We prefer them by post: 3 sample chapters, a letter about the author and SAE if anything is to be returned. The majority of our books are translations.
Deep Vellum PublishingOleg Sentsov, Alina Ganieva, Kurkov, Zhadan UA, Nataliya Meshchaninova, Dmitry Lipskerov, Shishkin, Petrushevskaya. Claims to be the largest publisher of literature in translation in the US. Good mix of RU and UA.Have a book or translation project you’d like to submit to Deep Vellum? Fill out the submission form below, and we will get in touch with you as soon as possible. Please include an external link (Dropbox, etc.) to the manuscript.
DzancOnly found Sankya by PrilepinDzanc Books publishes innovative literary fiction and nonfiction. Before submitting to Dzanc, we encourage you to familiarize yourself with the type of work we publish by browsing through our upcoming and backlist titles. Please include a synopsis of the work as well as a brief author bio. You should enclose the complete manuscript.
Faber & FaberI think these larger publishers may do what they do, not welcoming outside suggestions.Unfortunately, we are not in a position to review unsolicited manuscript submissions, including works of fiction, non-fiction, plays, screenplays or children’s books.
FitzcarraldoActually they’ve done a bit too. Looks like living authors only.No info on their site or elsewhere. Suspect they would say so if unwilling to accept.
Glagoslav PublicationsSpecialise in translation of E European/Russian literature. They actively solicit suggestions. I corresponded with them about Psalom 12 years ago and they were polite and responsive. They seem to accept grants, at least from Mikhail Prokhorov.Glagoslav works with authors both directly and through literary agencies. We are willing to consider manuscripts or published works in Ukrainian, Polish, English, Dutch, Belarusian, Russian and other languages. We are always open to exploring projects of potential interest. Authors (and readers) are encouraged to contact us […]. You will receive a prompt reply.
GrantaDmitri Bakin; also Chekhov, Gogol, DostoevskyGranta Books does not accept unsolicited book proposals. Please do not submit book manuscripts.
Harvill SeckerPart of Penguin Random HouseAccept unsolicited submissions: Yes [from ALTA database] Website: No.
Hesperus PressThe Living by Anna Starobinets, also Yuri OleshaFor any other queries, please send us an email: publishing [at] hesperus.press. Presumably since they don’t say No they mean Yes.
MacLehose PressSpecialise in international literature in translation.Outside of [our open submissions platform for writers from underrepresented communities], we only accept submissions sent to us by an agent – we don’t accept any unsolicited material.
Northwestern UPMakanin, Anzhelina Polonskaya, Evgeny Popov, also UA writers. Looks like FG would fit in.If you are submitting a proposal for a translation, please provide information on why the author’s work warrants translation as well as information on the audience for the work and the rights status of the work in the original language. If funding or a university subvention is available for your project, please indicate that in your cover letter.
NYRB ClassicsThey publish ‘Everything flows’ in the US! They have 49 Russian titles on their list, including Grossman (many times), Sorokin, Platonov, Shalamov.Is there a book that you’d like to see back in print, or that you think we should consider for one of our series? Let us know! We welcome your thoughts and suggestions.[…] . Please contact us by sending an email to bookrecommendation@nybooks.com. Don’t forget to include any relevant information about the book: author, title, date, etc. Also feel free to mention why you think it should be published in the series. The NYRB does not accept unsolicited manuscripts.
Oneworld publicationsOnly found VodolazkinFiction Thank you for thinking of Oneworld. Sadly, we are unable to accept any author submissions for fiction at present, […]. We hope that this will change in the not-too-distant future.
OPEN LETTERIlf & Petrov, Olga Sedakova, Shishkin,Translators and authors wishing to submit a fiction query should include: a one-page cover letter containing relevant autobiographical information about the author and the translator and a short description of the manuscript; a sample translation of approximately 20 pages (more is appreciated); a list of the author’s published works, if available.
PenguinDoubt they want unsolicited suggestions.Our company policy is to not accept unsolicited manuscripts or synopses and we cannot enter into correspondence about unpublished work. So, when you feel your work is ready for publishing, you need to get a literary agent.
Plough Publishing HouseVodolazkin (also Tolstoy and Dostoevsky). Religion welcome here, maybe not Judaism.We welcome unsolicited book proposals. Tell us why you think your book fits into Plough’s publishing program. Please allow six weeks for a response. If you haven’t heard back from us by then, please email us to inquire.
Pushkin PressGood name! Published quite a lot, but I think they prefer nice short booksWe are still able to consider potential translation projects, and ask that you address any queries regarding these to books@pushkinpress.com
riverrunShishkin; Chekhov, Tolstoy, Gogol – pretty diluteOutside of [our open submissions platform for writers from underrepresented communities], we only accept submissions sent to us by an agent – we don’t accept any unsolicited material. – Hachette policy again
Three String Booksslavica@indiana.edu Looks like they would be open to subsidy. Three String Books is an imprint of Slavica Publishers devoted to translations of literary works and belles-lettres from Central and Eastern Europe, including Russia and the other successor states of the former Soviet Union.Email: slavica@indiana.edu. Presumably they would have said if they wanted to keep submissions away.
Ugly Duckling PresseWebsite is refractory, seem to be many Russians. Ugly Duckling Presse is a nonprofit publisher for poetry, translation, experimental nonfiction, performance texts, and books by artists.Seem to be specific submission periods for discrete projects, presently Latin American poetry.
Vintage ClassicsSeem to publish quite a lot of modern Russian literary fiction in translation .Published ‘Everything flows’. Part of Penguin Random House. Website is hostile.Doubleday, Knopf, Pantheon, Schocken, and Vintage / Anchor only accept manuscripts submitted by an agent — the volume of materials we receive is just too large to accept unsolicited submissions.
W&N/Weidenfeld & NicolsonPublish AkuninOutside of [our open submissions platform for writers from underrepresented communities], we only accept submissions sent to us by an agent – we don’t accept any unsolicited material. – Hachette policy again.
Yale UPFiction section has Ulitskaya and Zhadan (UA), also Tolstoy & DostoevskyIf you would like to submit a book proposal or a manuscript to Yale University Press, please send it, along with the following information, by mail or email to the editor most appropriate for the subject of your work. Submit your proposal to only one editor. Submissions should include: a cover letter (please specify in your cover letter if you would like your manuscript returned); a prospectus; your curriculum vitae. […]

The table above shows what I discovered about publishers who might be interested in modern Russian literary fiction, in connection with a putative English-language publication of Psalom by F. Gorenshtein. The publishers were identified by:

i) seeing who had published similar material as listed on amazon.co.uk;

ii) considering the lists of translations on Lizok’s Bookshelf;

iii) seeing what I could extract from the ALTA publisher database.

I have also been told that Columbia UP is no longer active in this field since the invasion of Ukraine while Syracuse UP is; but there does not seem to be a great deal of evidence on the respective websites.

‘Psalom’ in French and German

September 24, 2023

We consider the fate of translations of ‘Psalom’ into French and German.

The French translation was published in 1984 by Gallimard, a very prestigious literary publisher. Apparently it has been in print ever since (39 years), which is remarkable in France, where books tend to go out of print more quickly than in English-speaking markets. At least, when I want to buy what seems to be a recent French book from a couple of years back it often seems to have gone out of print.

ChatGPT says, drawing no distinction between the UK and France: ‘Therefore, 39 years is a long time for a book to remain in print compared to the average lifespan of a book. It means that the book has a loyal readership, a strong reputation, or a lasting impact on its genre or field’.

The only explanation I have been able to think of is that France has quite a large Jewish population of about half a million. Of course, the US has a Jewish population about ten times larger, so it seems that if sales were scaled up accordingly then the book could even enjoy commercial success.

The German translation on the other hand seems to be a fine illustration of the Gorenshtein Effect, by which if anything at all connected with FG can go wrong it will, and probably fatally for someone. According to German Wikipedia, the translation’s publisher Rütten & Loening, which had existed as a major German commercial publisher since 1844, entered a troubled period about the time of the publication of Psalom in 1992, especially in connection with a Nazi-era restitution claim. Eventually the name alone reemerged as an imprint of the Aufbau Group. In any case, the German translation of Psalom was never reissued, presumably having been overlooked in the confusion.

The more recent Portuguese edition of 2017– still in print – is beyond my competence to discuss, but has generated considerable discussion on the amazon.br site and presently occupies 53rd spot in ‘Jewish Fiction and Literature’.

Trust to promote English publication of Russian literature, starting with Fridrikh Gorenshtein

September 23, 2023

Here’s an announcement I put on the RUSSIAN-STUDIES list, but readers of this blog can also email me if interested!

Dear Russian Studies,

I am presently developing a plan, together with collaborators from the academic and publishing worlds,  to set up a trust to promote the English-language publication of some underappreciated/unfashionable Russian-language literature.  We are currently working on Psalom by Fridrikh Gorenshtein and that might be followed by Mesto [also Gorenshtein].

The purpose of this email is to ask list members whether they would like to act as trustee or suggest others who could be approached.  I would see the trustee role as involving four hour-long meetings a year (probably by Zoom) and also some reading, together with being collectively responsible for the trust’s affairs.  It probably requires somebody who is London-based or at least visits London frequently.  Expenses would be available.  The trust itself would be simple and small-scale, with for instance no tax consequences to be managed.

I will be grateful for any suggestions, and happy to supply further details to anyone interested.  It will be helpful to have any positive responses by Wednesday 4 October.

Thank you for your kind attention,

A revised approach to promoting English-language publication of ‘Psalom’ by Fridrikh Gorenshtein

September 22, 2023

Approach

I thought about having a bidding process for my grant, but instead I’ve decided to write round a few selected publishers and try to persuade them that publishing Psalom is a good idea anyway, with the subsidy as a douceur at the end. I have drafted a standard letter to publishers (below) that can be personalised for the chosen publishers listed below.

Publishers

I would propose approaching the publishers below in the first instance.

RankPublisherReasonPersonalisation
1Glagoslav (NL)The largest target – only specialist publisher of Russian/Eastern European literature in translation. Also very nice people in my experience.Say (sincerely) how great they are and how much I/we would like to work with them.
2NYRB Classics (USA)Interesting list of relevant books, in particular Everything Flows, which I think forms a kind of pendant to Psalom. [Also published in the UK by Vintage (UK) who indeed have a similar list of Russian books, but they deliberately make themselves hard to approach.]Praise (sincerely) their list and explain the excellent fit with Everything Flows.
3Columbia UP (USA)Relevant Russian material in ‘Central and Eastern European Fiction and Literature’. Published Gorenshtein’s Redemption with grant from Translation Institute in Moscow.Explain link with Redemption, also fit with list.
4Three String Books/Slavica (USA)Marat knows these people.Explain link with Marat.
5Northwestern UP (USA)Makanin, Anzhelina Polonskaya, Evgeny Popov, also UA writers. Looks like FG would fit in.Explain fit with list.

PUBLISHER LETTER

This can be rephrased in terms of ‘we…the Numerus Clausus Trust’ as circumstances allow.

Dear Sirs,

ENGLISH PUBLICATION OF ‘PSALOM’ [PSALM] BY FRIDRIKH GORENSHTEIN; AND POSSIBLE FINANCIAL SUPPORT

I am writing to you to urge you publish ‘Psalom’ [Psalm], a novel by the exiled Ukrainian-Jewish-Soviet writer Fridrikh Gorenshtein, originally published in Germany in 1975. I consider that this is the most important work of modern Russian-language literature yet to be translated into English, combining as it does powerfully-realised scenes of human suffering and degradation during the Ukrainian famine and the Nazi invasion of the USSR with daring theological speculation. It is particularly current at present, when events in Ukraine once more demonstrate how worship of Russian statehood and neglect of the moral law lead into the abyss as well as being formally inventive, with a direct confrontation between Biblical typology and Soviet reality achieved through the figure of Dan, the Viper, the Antichrist, who is also the brother of Jesus Christ.

The attached summary and extracts give more details.

In view of the importance of this work, I am prepared to make a subvention of

£ 12,500/$14,500 to roughly cover the costs of translation and English-language rights.

Rights

[To come.]

Author

Fridrikh Gorenshtein was born in Kiev in 1932. His father, a professor of economics, was arrested in 1935 after the assassination of Kirov. His mother fled to the countryside and Fridrikh was brought up first of all by relatives and then–after the death of his mother–in a series of orphanages. In 1949 he worked as a labourer, after which he studied in a mining institute and then worked as an engineer while starting his career as a writer. He studied screenwriting in Moscow in 1961, after which he worked on the screenplays for a number of Soviet fims, including Solaris, which is also well-known in the West.

Psalom was written in 1974/75 and like almost all of his prose had no chance of publication in the USSR. After publishing in the Metropol almanac, Gorenshtein was forced to leave for the West in 1980, where he lived first of all in Vienna and then in West Berlin. He was married twice and had one son.

Fridrikh Gorenshtein died of pancreatic cancer in March 2002, a few days before his seventieth birthday.

Other translations

Translations have been published in French (1984; Gallimard) German (1992; Rütten & Loening) and Portuguese (2017; Kalinka). The French edition is still in print after 39 years, indicating consistent demand – an important factor in an era of e-books. The German edition suffered from the severe problems of the publishing house, which was wound up in 1992 and was also subject to a Nazi-era restitution claim. That edition is no longer in print. The more recent Portuguese edition – still in print – has generated considerable discussion on the amazon.br site and presently occupies 53rd spot in ‘Jewish Fiction and Literature’.

Conclusion

I look forward to hearing from you, and would welcome a preliminary response by [October].

If this proposal does not seem suitable for you, perhaps you would like to suggest some other firms to approach?

Yours faithfully,